WhiteBoard Medicine

Pandemic, Epidemic, and Endemic - Basics | Clinical Medicine

Pandemic, Epidemic, and Endemic are terms thrown around frequently to describe various diseases. Understanding what these words mean and their proper use is critical to better understand risks and to accurate communicate about various diseases.
Endemic, Definition, Past Examples
Epidemic, Definition, Past Examples
Pandemic, Definition, Past Examples
Transitioning between Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic
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H5N1 Bird Flu Human Symptoms: Bird Flu vs Traditional Flu | Public Health

In this video, we delve into the symptoms of H5N1 bird flu in humans, specifically focusing on the differences between the D1.1 (bird) and B3.13 (cow) genotypes. We compare these symptoms to traditional human influenza (flu) and explore how the H5N1 virus affects human health differently depending on its genetic strain.
We'll cover:
Key H5N1 symptoms in humans linked to the D1.1 and B3.13 genotypes.
How H5N1 differs from seasonal flu and other human influenza strains.
Insights into avian influenza and why understanding its genetic variations matters.
The role of genetic mutations in determining flu severity in humans.
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First Human Case of Bird Flu (Genotype D1.2) Confirmed in the United Kingdom | Public Health

The United Kingdom has confirmed its first human case of Bird Flu H5N1. It was caused by the D1.2 genotype. This is different than the two main genotypes in the USA D1.1 and B3.13. They have detected the D1.2 genotype in pigs and birds though. In this video, we break down this first UK case, what is means for public health, and compare it to the genotypes circulating in the USA.
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YouTube Video:
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Blood Transfusion Advanced - Understanding Washed And Irradiated Blood | Clinical Medicine

In this podcast, we explore the crucial differences between irradiated and washed red blood cells in the context of red blood cell transfusion. Both techniques are used to prevent complications in patients, but they serve distinctly different purposes in transfusion medicine.
Background on blood transfusion, components, complications
Irradiated red blood cells, what this means, when to use it (GVHD, immunocompromised, malignancies, transplant)
Washed red blood cells, what this means, when to use it (transfusion reactions, IgA deficiency, alloimmunization, potassium loads)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BntBJz5HXS4 
 

Bird Flu in Pets: Recognizing Symptoms in Birds, Dogs, & Cats | Public Health

In this podcast, we discuss bird flu symptoms in animals including birds, dogs, and cats. Avian influenza (bird flu H5N1) is a serious viral infection that can affect a wide range of animals. Recognizing the early signs is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease.
🦠 Bird Flu Symptoms in Birds Learn how to identify common bird flu symptoms in birds, including respiratory distress, sudden death, and changes in behavior or appearance.
🐕 Bird Flu Symptoms in Dogs Find out if dogs can get bird flu and what symptoms to look for in your pets, such as coughing, sneezing, or unusual behavior.
🐈 Bird Flu Symptoms in Cats Wondering if cats can get bird flu? We explain how the virus affects cats and the key signs that could indicate infection.
👉 Key Topics Covered What animals bird flu has infected and where.
How bird flu spreads between animals.
Preventing bird flu transmission to pets.
What to do if you suspect bird flu in your pet.
When to consult a vet for bird flu symptoms.
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YouTube Video:
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New Threat: Bird Flu D1.1 Strain Infects Cows, Spreads to Humans in Nevada | Public Health

A new and potentially concerning development has emerged as the Bird Flu strain D1.1 has jumped from birds to cows and has now infected a human in Nevada. This event raises questions about the potential for additional cross-species transmission. Is there a risk of a larger outbreak? In this video, we explore the details of this case, how the virus is spreading, additional mutation found in this D1.1 variant making it more efficiency for mammalian infection, and what this means for public health.
Key topics covered:
(1) The evolution of Bird Flu H5N1 variant D1.1 and its mutation to go from infecting birds to infecting cows
(2) How the virus moved from birds to cows, and then to humans
(3) What this means for human health and the risk of future infections
(4) The Nevada human infection case: What you need to know Is this the beginning of a new pandemic threat, or a rare, isolated incident? 
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Bird Flu H5N1 Variant Identified Resistant to Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

In this podcast, we explore the emergence of a Bird Flu variant resistant to the common antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu), which is the main treatment for Bird Flu in humans. This variant was identified in several flocks in Canada. It is interestingly not the first time we have identified a variant of Bird Flu resistant to treatment. Check out the podcast for these details and more!
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Marburg Virus - Ebola's Cousin Creates Stir - Disease, Symptoms, Transmission, Outbreaks, Treatment

Marburg Virus is now responsible for two recent outbreaks and the CDC put out a statement warning healthcare providers to be on alert. Here, we do a deep dive on Marburg Virus.
Marburg Virus is from the same viral family as Ebola virus, the Filoviridae. It causes Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), one of the viral hemorrhagic fevers. We discuss the symptoms and incubation period of Marburg Virus. How it is transmitted both between bats and humans, as well as human to human transmission. We touch on prevention strategies and treatment possibilities. And finally we dive into the history of the virus, previous outbreaks, and the current outbreaks. Should we be worried?
New Headlines And Relation To Ebola
Viral Structure And Properties
Marburg Virus Disease, Incubation, Symptoms
Zoonotic Transmission To Humans
Human To Human Transmission And Prevention
Treatment, Vaccines, Previous Outbreaks
Current Outbreaks, Should We Be Worried?
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YouTube Video:
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Bird Flu Variant in Cats: PB2 Gene Mutation Raises Concerns - What You Need to Know | Public Health

A new bird flu variant in cats has been discovered, and it carries a concerning mutation in the PB2 gene. This mutation could have significant implications for both animal health and public health, as it may increase the risk of the virus spreading more easily across species, including potential transmission to humans.
In this video, we break down:
- What the PB2 gene mutation is and how it affects the bird flu virus (avian influenza).
- The potential risks of this mutation in cats and its implications for public health.
- How avian influenza is transmitted, and why this new variant is a cause for concern.
- What we know about bird flu outbreaks in animals and the role of zoonotic diseases.
- Transmission potential from cats to humans
- Previous cases of bird flu with the PB2 mutation
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Update On Bird Flu - Overview On All Things Avian Influenza | Public Health

In this comprehensive video, we dive into the latest updates on Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) from a doctor's perspective. From current outbreaks to preventive measures, symptoms, treatment, and public health implications, this video covers everything you need to know about the virus.
Stay informed on:
- What the virus is and how it spreads
- The status of bird flu outbreaks in the USA and globally
- Animals infected and risks for humans
- How Avian Influenza spreads and its impact on poultry and humans
- Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options
- The role of public health in controlling the spread of the virus
- What you can do to stay safe
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