WhiteBoard Medicine - Emergency And Critical Care
We are a multi-platform medical education channel with a passion for all things emergency and critical care medicine! Our content spans all levels of learners ranging from the interested public to students to healthcare professionals. We got our start on YouTube and have grown to almost 100,000 subscribers. We try to label our content as a suggestion for possible targeted audience: Public Health - Interested public Clinical Medicine Basics - Interested public, students, early trainees Clinical Medicine Advanced - Advanced trainees and healthcare professionals We are new to the podcasting space and are looking forward to expanding our reach! YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@WhiteboardMedicine Patreon - http://www.patreon.com/whiteboardmedicine Newsletter - https://whiteboarddoctor.m-pages.com/IAdAdI/wbdr-sign-up
Listen on:
Episodes
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will introduce anti-arrhythmic medications, their classes, and lay the foundation for understanding them as related to the cardiac action potential. We will explain clearly and imply the four different classes of anti-arrhythmias including Class I (sodium channel blockers), Class II (beta-blockers), Class III (potassium channel blockers), and Class IV (calcium channel blockers). We will explain their functionality as related to the phases (0-4) of the cardiac action potential.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79SimheLyGo
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will discuss cardiac output and the FICK equation. We will begin by discussing cardiac output both as a concept and as an equation related to heart rate and stroke volume. We will discuss the normal cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume. We will then dive into how to clinically derive the cardiac output using different clinical parameters. This will transition into the FICK equation. We will go through how to derive the FICK equation using different concepts including oxygen consumption, arterial saturation, venous saturation, dissolve oxygen, and hemoglobin. We will clearly explain how to understand the FICK equation and then hot to be able to better apply it in the clinical setting. Lastly, we will go over what clinical information you need to get the data required to calculate the FICK and subsequent cardiac output.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G5amzUM4DY
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will discuss Class I Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs. We will start by discussing their sodium channel blockade mechanism as related to the cardiac action potential. We will also go into their variable effect on the potassium channels and how that changes the refractory period. We will relate their mechanism to how the cardiac action potential phases change and will draw out the new shape of these action potentials. We will then dive into indications and dysrhythmias. Lastly, we will discuss each subclass, the drugs included in each subclass, and again the changes within each subclass in the cardiac action potential.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5eu1uBxSMk
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will discuss Class II anti-arrhythmic drugs, also known as the beta blockers. We will begin by discussing their general mechanism of action. We will then dive into beta 1 versus beta 2 receptors, where they are found, and the different effects that blocking these two receptors can cause. We will then hone in on a list of cardioselective versus non-cardioselective beta blockers (with a pneumonic to assist in memorization!). Lastly, we will talk about the various indications for using beta blockers both including and beyond dysrhythmias.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNxo15IdGtU
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will discuss Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs, the potassium channel blockers. We will begin by discussing what these medications are and how they work as related to the cardiac action potential. We will then dive deeper into their prolongation of the QT interval as related to their prevention of re-entrant tachydysrrhythmias. Lastly, we will go through each of the potassium channel blockers, which arrhythmias they treat, and details about their mechanisms, adverse effects, and more.
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Youtube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3Al40NuDnY
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we will discuss Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs, the calcium channel blockers (CCB). We will start by discussing what the calcium channel blockers are and their multiple mechanisms of action, including actions on the cardiac myocytes, nodal cells, and vascular smooth muscle. We will relate these mechanisms to how they change both the nodal action potential and cardiac myocyte action potential in graphical form. Lastly, we will dive into the cardioselective/non-dihydropyridines versus the non-cardioselective/dihydropyridines. We will discuss the medications within each of these classes, their separate indication profiles, and their separate adverse effect profiles.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf4ev7-zwng
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Looking for ways to manage high blood pressure without relying on medication? In this video, we share 5 strategies to help reduce your blood pressure and improve your overall heart health. Perfect for anyone managing hypertension or looking to prevent it through simple lifestyle changes.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhNYLDJmMBs
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
🎓 Confused about p-values or "statistical significance" in clinical research? In this podcast, we break down the concept of p-values in a simple, easy-to-understand way. Whether you're a medical student, researcher, healthcare professional, or interested public mastering this statistical concept is essential for interpreting clinical studies and evidence-based medicine.
✅ What You'll Learn:
What is a p-value in statistics?
How p-values are used in clinical trials and research papers
Common misconceptions about p-values
How to interpret statistical significance in medical research
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Link to YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sPztuodvCw
Thursday Apr 24, 2025
Thursday Apr 24, 2025
Ventilator waveforms, also known as scalars, and loops can be tricky topics to grasp. In this video we introduce the pressure, flow, and volume waveforms/scalars. We discuss their normal shapes, including how their shapes may change when the ventilator is in volume control versus pressure control. We correlate different parts of their shapes to what is happening physiologically or on the ventilator. We then go into how these shapes may change with different respiratory changes or ventilator adjustments. After that, we discuss the pressure:volume and flow:volume loops. Again, going into their normal shapes, including the lower and upper inflection points, and how these shapes may change depending on what respiratory abnormality is occurring.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pKZ3XYCOio
Thursday Apr 24, 2025
Thursday Apr 24, 2025
In this podcast we dive into the topic of AutoPEEP, also known as breath stacking or air trapping or intrinsic PEEP as related to mechanical ventilation. Better understand these complex but important concepts!
Mechanism of Auto PEEP
Causes of Auto PEEP
Complications of Auto PEEP
Diagnosis, Management, and Scalars
Auto PEEP occurs when a patient on mechanical ventilation does not have enough time to fully expire their tidal volume before the ventilator gives another breath. This leads to a small amount of tidal volume being retained in the lungs with each breath and over time this builds up creating Auto PEEP. The breaths are "stacking" on top of each out or the air is being "trapped" in the lungs creating intrinsic PEEP! (see what I did there?)
Auto PEEP can occur for a number of reasons. The most common include a high minute ventilation. If you are administering huge tidal volumes or if you have set the respiratory rate quite high, sometimes a patient will not have enough time to fully expire each breath. Lung compliance contributes and more commonly when a patient has high airway resistance, such as with COPD or asthma.
Auto PEEP can cause hypotension as the intrathoracic pressures increases decreasing venous return. It also can cause ventilator induced lung injury, patient ventilator dyssynchrony, and increased dead space ventilation.
It is most formally diagnosed with an expiratory hold maneuver, but you can look at the pressure, flow, and volume scalars to assist in diagnosis. It also tends to cause a high plateau pressure. Manage it by treating the underlying illness, increasing the amount of a time a patient has to expire, and if it gets severe disconnecting the patient from the ventilator.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcGvPiGd7nc