WhiteBoard Medicine - Emergency And Critical Care
We are a multi-platform medical education channel with a passion for all things emergency and critical care medicine! Our content spans all levels of learners ranging from the interested public to students to healthcare professionals. We got our start on YouTube and have grown to almost 100,000 subscribers. We try to label our content as a suggestion for possible targeted audience: Public Health - Interested public Clinical Medicine Basics - Interested public, students, early trainees Clinical Medicine Advanced - Advanced trainees and healthcare professionals We are new to the podcasting space and are looking forward to expanding our reach! YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@WhiteboardMedicine Patreon - http://www.patreon.com/whiteboardmedicine Newsletter - https://whiteboarddoctor.m-pages.com/IAdAdI/wbdr-sign-up
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Episodes
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we dive into the Alveolar-arterial gradient or the Aa Gradient. We start by explaining what exactly it is in terms that make sense. We then dive into the math and equations to calculate the gradient. We explain the math as related to the physiology to better understand it. We then go into a normal Aa Gradient versus an abnormal gradient and the differential diagnosis for each.
The Aa Gradient is the difference between the alveolar oxygen content and the arterial oxygen content. It is a measure of whether you are having trouble diffusing oxygen across your alveoli into the blood vessels and/or not perfusing or getting blood flow to the alveoli, versus not ventilating or breathing enough oxygen into the alveoli. It can help you differentiate between different causes of hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in the blood.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOaNcOo5sQk
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we discuss a clinical approach to hypoxemia, or low oxygen levels in the blood, that requires just an arterial blood gas and chest x-ray!
Low Aa Gradient with a high carbon dioxide level (PaCO2 from your ABG!) suggests hypoventilation, such as COPD, OHS, opioid overdose, and etc. Low Aa Gradient with a normal pCO2 suggests things like high altitude.
High Aa Gradient is then divided into vascular and alveolar pathologies. Chest X-ray negative makes vascular pathologies more likely. This is then divided into oxygen responsive and oxygen non-responsive. Oxygen responsive conditions include things like pulmonary embolism, whereas oxygen non-responsive conditions tend to be shunts, such as cardiac or pulmonary shunting.
High Aa Gradient with chest x-ray findings suggests alveolar pathologies. This is then divided into filled, collapsed, or loss. Filled suggests conditions like pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bleeding, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and more. Loss implies conditions like COPD. Collapsed may be mucous plugging, pneumothorax, and more!
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujuJUW-h4XM
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
This is a conglomeration of our 5 podcast series on Acid-Base Disorders! We put them together to make it easier for those interested in a full, comprehensive education on this topic. By the end of the podcast, you should have a comprehensive understanding on all things acid base from A to Z.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-f8XUrGyfE
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Here we dive into using the arterial blood gas to determine acidosis vs alkalosis and then the bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels to determine if it is primary metabolic or respiratory. After that we dive into determining if the acidosis or alkalosis is compensated from both a metabolic and respiratory standpoint. We then go over several must know equations to determine compensation including Winter's Formula for a metabolic acidosis, an equation for a metabolic alkalosis, and a straight forward chart to determine appropriate compensation for a respiratory acidosis or alkalosis that is either acute or chronic. We pepper in some tips and tricks based on our own experiences!
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cT6qgju0wk
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we dive into the anion gap. We start by discussing what the anion gap is and why it is important for Acid-Base Disorders. We then cover the components of the anion gap including sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and chloride. And the unmeasured cations and anions. We cover albumin's role in correcting the anion gap equation. We use the physiology of an anion gap to understand why a high anion gap (HAGMA) has a different differential diagnosis than a Non-anion gap (NAGMA). We do a deep dive on the differential diagnoses including mnemonics to better remember, such as GOLDMARKS, MUDPILES, and more.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eejAOqj_PU
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
In this podcast we dive into the Delta Delta, Delta Gap, and Delta Ratio. We explained what exactly this is and when it is useful. It is the next step after identifying a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. We will walk through the equations for the Delta Gap and Delta Ratio and talk about the difference between the two. We then go through what these equations mean as to identifying whether it is a mixed Normal Anion Gap and High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis or if there is a mixed High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis. Finally understand this confusing and often misunderstood topic!
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hl3DfQEovpI
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Viruses have different structures to their genetic codes including but not limited to ssRNA (like SARS-CoV-2 virus), dsRNA, ssDNA, and dsDNA (like Monkeypox). Each has a different rate of mutation. They use the human cell to replicate their genomes and produce viral proteins. This is when mutations can occur.
Mutations occur randomly while a virus replicates its genome. Some may be beneficial to the virus, some may be detrimental, some might not change the protein structures of the virus at all. We dive into this process and discuss how exactly it occurs.
We then discuss SARS-CoV-2 virus mutation rate as related to the development of variants and subvariants. We use the information discussed to better understand this process, how they become dominant, and what to potentially expect in the future.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkS9cefakmE
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
This in-depth podcast explores Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)—a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes and an important topic in clinical cardiology. We cover everything from the etiology and genetics to the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and evidence-based management of HOCM.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwrLMRkAhf0
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Loop diuretics like Lasix/Furosemide, Torsemide/Demadex, Bumetanide/Bumex are the most commonly used diuretics in clinical practice. In this podcast we explain clearly how loop diuretics work using the renal nephron and the various ion transporters. We talk about their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing thresholds, intravenous to oral dose conversions, side effects, and much more! Come out of this video understanding all things loop diuretics!
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7-tsOrc3MQ
Monday Apr 28, 2025
Monday Apr 28, 2025
💥 In this podcast, we provide a comprehensive overview of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), a potentially life-threatening condition that arises after cancer treatment. Learn about the pathophysiology of TLS, the common etiologies (including malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma), how to diagnose it, and the most effective management strategies to prevent complications. This video is ideal for medical students, residents, oncologists, and healthcare professionals involved in the care of cancer patients.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8UrEEBn2qA