WhiteBoard Medicine - Emergency And Critical Care

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Basics - Pathology, Diagnosis, 4T Score, Manage | Clinical Medicine

🩸 Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious and often misunderstood condition that arises in patients receiving heparin therapy. In this video, we explain the pathophysiology of HIT, detailing how heparin triggers thrombocytopenia and the development of blood clots. Learn which types of heparin are most associated with this condition, the clinical features to recognize, and how to diagnose HIT using the 4T score. We’ll also cover key management strategies, including alternative anticoagulants, to safely treat patients with HIT.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sIyCuZvszU 
 

Kawasaki Disease Basics - Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Management, Prognosis | Clinical Medicine

🩺 In this podcast, we provide an in-depth overview of Kawasaki Disease, a rare but important condition in pediatric cardiology. Learn about the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, management strategies, and prognosis of this disease. Whether you’re a medical student, pediatrician, interested general public, or healthcare professional, this video will help you understand Kawasaki disease and its implications for child health.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhOJ5kSHHp0 
 

Venous Blood Gas (VBG) Basics - Components, Sampling, Converting To ABG | Clinical Medicine

💉 In this podcast, we break down the essential concepts of Venous Blood Gas (VBG) testing, a valuable diagnostic tool in clinical medicine. Learn the components of VBG, how to properly sample venous blood, and how to convert VBG results to arterial blood gas (ABG) equivalents. We dive into sampling sites and the physiology behind interpreting the VBG. Whether you're a medical student, resident, or healthcare professional, this guide will help you understand the clinical applications and interpretation of VBG in various patient scenarios.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ht9RuSP4YZc 
 

Obstructive Uropathy Basics - Anatomy, Symptoms, Management, Prognosis | Clinical Medicine

Obstructive Uropathy. We start with the anatomy of obstructive uropathy and how that translates into the differential diagnosis. We then discuss each differential diagnosis and whether that causes unilateral versus bilateral hydronephrosis and partial versus complete obstruction. We dive into the signs and symptoms of obstructive uropathy. The pathophysiology that leads to acute kidney injury. Laboratory workup including the utility of FeNa and FeUrea. Imaging modalities, their pros and cons. Management of this disease. And finally prognosis.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y2UHSqdARg 
 

Post-Obstructive Diuresis Basics - Diagnosis, Pathology, Managing, Complications | Clinical Medicine

💧In this podcast, we dive deep into post-obstructive diuresis (POD), an important clinical condition that can arise after the relief of urinary tract obstruction. Learn about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management strategies, fluid repletion techniques, and potential complications associated with POD. This video is a comprehensive guide for medical students, residents, interested public, and healthcare professionals to understand the complexities of post-obstructive diuresis and its clinical significance.
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2bRISqiS3Q 
 

Nephritic (Glomerulonephritis) Versus Nephrotic Syndromes Advanced | Clinical Medicine

In this podcast we will discuss the similarities and differences between Nephritic Syndrome, also know as Glomerulonephritis, and Nephrotic Syndrome. These two disease states are a spectrum with varying levels of similarities and differences, which can make things confusing. We will unveil the intricacies between these two disease states by discussing their clinical features and pathology. We will line them up side by side and discuss each characteristic as compared to the other. Finally understand the differences and similarities between these two disease states!
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWJcQ3EVrmk 
 

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Basics - Placement, Waveforms, Hemodynamics, Complications | Clinical Medicine

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) explained clearly! This is a temporary hemodynamic augmentation device that is placed in the aorta to assist the heart in delivering blood to the rest of the body. We will discuss what this device is, its anatomic placement/alignment, and how it changes the arterial waveform. We will then dive into the hemodynamic augmentation and repercussions of the IABP, such as augmenting diastolic pressure and possibly increasing myocardial perfusion. All of this will be in relation to how the IABP works. We then dive into indications for placement and contraindications, as well as complications. 
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtTvMjpvd0U 
 

Cardiac Physiology Advanced - Cardiac Chamber Pressures And Monitoring Devices | Clinical Medicine

In this podcast we will discuss the varying normal pressures within the cardiac chambers including the inferior/superior vena cava pressures, right atrial pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left atrial pressure, left ventricular pressure, and aortic pressure. We will depict this in two different ways, both of which will hopefully make them easier to remember! Additionally, we are going to discuss the bedside invasive monitoring techniques that can be used to determine these pressures including central venous pressures with a central venous catheter and the pulmonary artery or Swan Ganz catheter measuring pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. We will spend a little extra time discussing the wedge pressure, specifically how it is taken to better grasp this tricky concept. 
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FEJn1O6So 
 

Anti-Arrhythmic Medication Basics - Action Potential, Classes, Classifications | Clinical Medicine

In this podcast we will introduce anti-arrhythmic medications, their classes, and lay the foundation for understanding them as related to the cardiac action potential. We will explain clearly and imply the four different classes of anti-arrhythmias including Class I (sodium channel blockers), Class II (beta-blockers), Class III (potassium channel blockers), and Class IV (calcium channel blockers). We will explain their functionality as related to the phases (0-4) of the cardiac action potential. 
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79SimheLyGo 
 

Cardiac Output Advanced - Fick Equation Deriving, Applying, And Understanding | Clinical Medicine

In this podcast we will discuss cardiac output and the FICK equation. We will begin by discussing cardiac output both as a concept and as an equation related to heart rate and stroke volume. We will discuss the normal cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume. We will then dive into how to clinically derive the cardiac output using different clinical parameters. This will transition into the FICK equation. We will go through how to derive the FICK equation using different concepts including oxygen consumption, arterial saturation, venous saturation, dissolve oxygen, and hemoglobin. We will clearly explain how to understand the FICK equation and then hot to be able to better apply it in the clinical setting. Lastly, we will go over what clinical information you need to get the data required to calculate the FICK and subsequent cardiac output. 
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YouTube Video:
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