WhiteBoard Medicine

West Nile Virus Basics- Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Current Events | Public Health

West Nile Virus is an arbovirus, spread by mosquitos. It is most often transmitted in the summer and fall. Most people do not develop symptoms, but of those that do the majority have mild disease and a select few can develop severe, neuroinvasive disease.
Mosquito Borne Illness Overview
Virology, Flaviviridae Family, Arboviruses
Transmission, Incubation Period, Birds, Humans, Mammals
Signs, Symptoms, Mild Disease, Neuroinvasive Disease
Diagnostics, Labs, Lumbar Puncture (spinal tap), CSF Studies
Treatment, Supportive Care, Prevention
Current Events, Case Counts, Spread
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7P_tVNh5Pw 
 

Pertussis Whooping Cough Basics - Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, Prevention | Clinical Medicine

Pertussis, also known as Whooping Cough, cases have been skyrocketing lately. Learn everything you need to know about Pertussis!
Past Outbreaks, Case Counts, Current Events
Bacteriology, Pathogenesis, Toxins, Surface Proteins
Incubation Period, Transmission Modalities
Three Stages of Pertussis, Symptoms, Timelines, Severity
Three Diagnostic Approaches
Treatment, When to Treat, Antibiotics, First and Second Lines
Vaccinations, Types, Efficacies
Post Exposure Prophylaxis, Preventative Hygiene
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LK5RFyO3_c 
 

Norovirus Basics - Symptoms, Transmission, Incubation, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevent | Public Health

Norovirus is the MOST COMMON cause of gastroenteritis for people of all ages and wreaks havoc on the gastrointestinal system. Learn about all things Norovirus in this high yield video!
Yearly Cases, Hospitalizations, Deaths, Outbreaks
Virology, Variants, Gastroenteritis, Intestinal Changes
Asymptomatic Infection, Symptoms, How Common
Incubation Period, Transmission, Fecal Oral, Food, Water, Surfaces
Diagnosis, PCR, Treatment, Supportive Care
Prevention, Sanitizer Not Effective, Sterilizing Surfaces, Cooking Temperatures
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YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOCsH_Lolk4 
 

Respiratory Physiology Basics: Minute Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation | Clinical Medicine

Minute ventilation, alveolar ventilation, and dead space are critical foundational concepts to understanding when working to master respiratory physiology. Learn about these critical topics in this video!
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YouTube Video:
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Pulmonary Embolism Basics - Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Evaluation | Clinical Medicine

In this video, we explore the basics of pulmonary embolism (PE), including its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, clinical evaluation, management, complications, and prognosis focusing on how it's evaluated in clinical practice. Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks one or more arteries in the lungs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications.
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YouTube Video:
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LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) Alarms - Flow, Power, Pulsatility Index | Clinical Medicine

Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) are lifesaving, but complex devices. They are surgically implanted into a patient's heart to assist with blood flow around the body. They have alarms and outputs that can provide significant information on the pathophysiology occurring in a patient presenting with an LVAD. In this video we dive into LVAD alarms and outputs as related to pathophysiologic conditions!
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YouTube Video:
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Basics - Diagnosis, Management, Trials | Clinical Medicine

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) affects critically ill patients and has a very high mortality rate. The management of ARDS is critical with a number of landmark trials to help guide that management.
We talk about the Berlin Criteria used to diagnose ARDS including how to gauge ARDS severity. We then dive into the general management approach including tidal volume, plateau pressures, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation goals, pH goals, and more.
Finally, we dive into the different landmark trials as a way to understand the management of ARDS. This includes the ALVEOLI Trial on low versus high PEEP, PROSEVA Trial on proning, ACURASYS and ROSE Trials on neuromuscular blockage (paralysis), ARDS Network Trials on tidal volumes and plateau pressures, as well as fluid strategies, and the more recent DEXA-ARDS Trial on steroids for ARDS. All studies linked at the bottom.
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YouTube Video:
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Intravenous Fluid Basics - Comparing Multiple Crystalloids | Clinical Medicine

💧 Intravenous Fluid Basics – Comparing Normal Saline, Lactated Ringer’s, PlasmaLyte, and D5W | Clinical Medicine
Confused about which IV fluid to use? In this high-yield clinical video, we compare the most commonly used intravenous fluids — Normal Saline (NS), Lactated Ringer’s (LR), PlasmaLyte, and Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W) — and break down their key differences, indications, and clinical pearls.
📌 In this video, we cover:
Composition and electrolytes of NS, LR, PlasmaLyte, and D5W. Tonicity and osmolarity comparison.
When to use each fluid (sepsis, trauma, dehydration, hypernatremia, and more).
Acid-base effects and lactate vs acetate.
IV fluid distribution: intravascular vs intracellular.
Contraindications and special considerations.
Colloid vs crystalloid – when to go beyond basics.
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YouTube Video:
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Intravenous Fluid Basics - Albumin | Clinical Medicine

🩸 Intravenous Fluid Basics – Albumin | Clinical Medicine
In this high-yield video, we dive into the clinical use of albumin as an intravenous (IV) fluid. Understand when and why albumin 5% vs 25% is used, how it compares to crystalloids, and the key situations where it plays a vital role in patient care.
📌 Topics Covered:
What is albumin and how does it work?
Albumin 5% vs 25%: differences in concentration and use.
Colloid vs crystalloid fluids – what’s the difference?
Albumin in sepsis, shock, cirrhosis, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).
Duration of effect and intravascular volume expansion.
When to avoid albumin. Cost, compatibility, and clinical pearls.
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YouTube Video:
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Intravenous Fluid Basics - Dextrose 5% Water (D5W) | Clinical Medicine

💧 Intravenous Fluid Basics – Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W) | Clinical Medicine
In this video, we break down the clinical use of Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W) — a unique and often misunderstood IV fluid. Learn how D5W behaves in the body, when to use it, and when to avoid it in medical practice.
📌 Topics Covered:
What is D5W and how does it work?
Osmolarity vs tonicity explained.
How D5W becomes hypotonic after metabolism.
Caloric content of D5W and its role in nutrition.
When to use D5W (e.g., free water, mild hypoglycemia, hypernatremia).
When NOT to use D5W (e.g., increased ICP, shock, uncontrolled diabetes).
Distribution and poor intravascular volume expansion.
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YouTube Video:
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